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American Airlines Relaunches Flights to Martinique. United Airlines Returns to Bonaire. WestJet Returns to Saint Lucia. Their presence spans only a few years: there is an important short-term and medium-term turnover with departures to other islands and metropolises. Decisions to leave are determined by difficulties linked to inadequate local education and precarious medical assistance, especially for the elderly.
These figures under-estimate the reality. It is estimated that there are approximately new households established every year on the island. The increase in land and housing costs trigger a progressive withdrawal of the autochthonous population toward new local authority housing within the territory and further up in the hills. A new spatial organisation is being established between the autochthonous population, migrants, new residents and tourists.
Night-time — and clandestine — connections link the village to the Saint-Lucia Isle, some kilometres further south, through exchanges of stolen car parts, drugs and clandestine passages.
The territory evolves toward a juxtaposition of enclaves from which the various occupants are unaware of the existence of the other groups of people, each category having its own spatial logic. Figure 3. Sainte Luce: from a fishing village to a tourist resort. In the American Virgin Islands, two thirds of the jobs are related to tourism. These cramped, barely inhabited island territories attract migrants and clandestines both as destination and transit points.
A significant workforce, flexible and with no official status, finds seasonal or longer-term jobs in the tourism sector catering, hotel-related activities and maintenance activities in general. Other borders tend to contain populations coming from poorer areas like the Dominican Republic, the Central American Coast and of course the stricken island of Haiti.
There are also more and more departures from the close Dominican Republic, confronted with an important economic crisis in spite of the good frequentation of these tourist enclaves 5. The latter, divided between France and the Netherlands, is not actually separated by any material border.
Of the 12, officially recorded foreigners, 5, are clandestine. The island needs a foreign workforce, i. These islands are important transit places for the definitive migrations to the United States. We suggest to split the fourth and last category in two. Departures are made in haste, boat people move during the night and sometimes disappear out at sea e. We refer here to the migrants of Haiti, the Dominica, St-Lucia, and all the faceless and nameless people who, with only a few food reserves, go from harbour to harbour of the Caribbean Coast in the hope of being able to sneak into a container ship heading for Miami.
Some migrants are more qualified; we refer here to intra-regional and international movements. They can find an employer who provides them the authorizations to work in foreign countries. But very often, confronted with the lack of legal means to leave their country, they buy forged identity papers for example of French nationality , then join anglophone islands St-Lucia, Antigua while passing themselves off as French West-Indian tourists.
And from these places, they buy plane tickets to go to Canada. Tourists are at the origin of financial transfers: they come to consume, not to work. We refer here to the whole or partial transfer of a professional activity, in particular in the world of business, entertainment, management of the natural environment and biodiversity.
This new mobility remains a prerogative of the well-off classes of rich societies and a handful of the privileged elite from the rest of the world — with a few exceptions. These populations are characterized by a high frequency of movements and by the fact that they have multiple dwellings the living area is thus divided between several places: between a metropolis of north-southern America and a few privileged tourist locations in the Caribbean.
This marginal mobility, which existed since the 19 th century in the area with the famous winter residences of businessmen 6 , is more and more developed today. XLS format. PNG format. PDF format. Show details about this statistic. Exclusive Premium functionality. Register in seconds and access exclusive features.
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Further related statistics. Martinique welcomed more than 1. Attendance was driven by cruises, which increased sharply. Indeed, the island was little affected by the hurricanes that hit the Caribbean in , unlike its neighbors. In addition, new lines from Fort de France have been launched. The stay segment also increased with an increase of 3.
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