When was first cesarean

By the early s descriptions of the procedure began appearing in medical texts and midwifery books, which first coined the term C-section as opposed to Cesarean procedure. Notwithstanding the new descriptive name and increased attention, C-sections continued to be a dangerous, often life threatening proposition well into the late 19 th century. In the latter half of the 19 th century, the medical profession and particularly the field of surgery was dramatically improved by a series of technical innovations and scientific discoveries.

More than anything else, the emergence of anesthetics revolutionized C-sections. Anesthesia did more than just spare the mother from the extreme pain, it effectively eliminated the risk of maternal death from shock which was one of the leading causes of C-section fatalities. Prior to anesthesia, when a baby was hopelessly stuck doctors would perform a very unpleasant procedure called a Craniotomy which literally involved crushing the baby's skull to get them out of the mother.

With the availability of anesthesia the C-section quickly became a much preferable alternative to the Craniotomy. Even after the emergence of anesthetics, maternal mortality rates for C-sections remained very high in the early days because women routinely died from post-operative infections.

This gradually began to change towards the end of the 19 th century as germ theory and modern bacteriology developed. By the start of the 20 th century, the advancement of anesthesia and antisepsis had made C-sections practical and safe enough for doctors to start focusing on refining and improving the procedure.

By around these various advancements has shaped C-sections into the modern surgical procedure that we are familiar with today. C-sections were no longer viewed as a desperate option of last resort. Now the C-section was being used as a preemptive solution to improve outcomes for mother and baby.

Instead of waiting through hours or days of problematic labor before finally resorting a C-section, doctors were performing the procedure at the earliest signs of trouble. At the same time, more and more births were taking place in hospitals. By , however, over half of all babies in the U. It was not until the mids that C-section rates began to dramatically increase, starting a trend that is continuing today.

Even with advances in medicine it remained a relatively high-risk procedure into the 20th century. Times have sure changed. Now, cesareans are so routine that some critics believe they are often performed unnecessarily, as the "delivery method of choice" even when natural birth presents no unusual danger. The World Health Organization agrees, recommending that cesarean rates should not exceed 15 percent of all live births in any country.

In the United States, roughly 31 percent of all births are done by cesarean section, including an increasing number that are performed as an expedient alternative to natural birth. Now, why would anyone opt for major abdominal surgery without a sound medical reason? Photo: Cesarean births are nearly routine in modern hospitals, but that wasn't the case for a woman lying on a makeshift plank table in the West Virginia backwoods in Julie Fisher. Neggers, YH. Trends in maternal mortality in the United States.

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From the journal Journal of Perinatal Medicine. Cite this. Abstract In present-day obstetrics, cesarean delivery occurs in one in three women in the United States, and in up to four of five women in some regions of the world. Keywords: cesarean delivery ; cesarean section ; surgical technique ; uterine closure ; vaginal birth after cesarean.

Uniform criteria for diagnosing fetal jeopardy in labor using fetal monitoring. Using oxytocin for induction of labor and stimulation of arrested labor in a defined protocol. Employing proper surgical technique to minimize complications at subsequent pregnancies.